Biology Topics - Form Two

 

TOPIC 1: Classification of Living Things

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1. Kingdom Fungi

   • Explain the general and distinctive features of the kingdom Fungi

   • State the phyla of the Kingdom Fungi

   • Describe the structure of mosses

   • Outline advantage and disadvantages of Mosses

2. Division Filicinophyta (Pteridophyta)

   • Explain general and distinctive features of the division Filicinophyta

   • Describe the structure of Ferns

   • Outline advantages and disadvantages of ferns

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TOPIC 2: Nutrition

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1. Concepts of Nutrition and food Nutrients .

   • Explain the concepts of nutrition and food nutrients .

   • Outline the importance of nutrition in living things .

2. Nutrition in Mammals, Human Nutrition .

   • Identify different types of food substances and their functions in human Body .

   • Explain the concept of balanced diet in terms of food quality and quantity .

   • Explain nutritional requirement for different groups of people .

   • Outline different types of nutritional deficiencies and disorders in human beings .

   • Explain the causes , symptoms, effect and control measures of nutritional deficiencies and disorders .

3. Digestive System in Human .

   • Identify parts of the human digestive System and their adaptive features .

   • Explain the digestion process in process in human being .

   • Compare the human digestive system with that of other mammals .

   • Outline common disorders and diseases of the human digestive System .

   • Explain causes, symptoms, effects and control measures of common disorders and diseases of the human digestive system .

4. Nutrition in Plant, Mineral requirement in Plants .

   • Mention essential mineral element in plant nutrition .

   • Investigate the roles of essential elements in plant nutrition .

5. Photosynthesis .

   • Explain the concept of photosynthesis .

   • Describe the structure of the leaf in relation to photosynthesis .

   • Explain the process of photosynthesis .

   • Outline the importance of photosynthesis in the real life situation .

6. Properties of Food Substance .

   • Mention the basic food substances and their properties .

   • Identify common reagents and chemicals used to determine food Properties .

   • Carryout food tests for reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, starch, proteins and lipids (Fats and Oil) .

7. Food Processing, Preservation and Storage. .

   • Explain the concept of food processing , food preservation and food storage .

   • Explain the importance of food processing, preservation and storage .

   • Differentiate between traditional and modern methods of processing, preserving and storing food .

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TOPIC 3: Balance of Nature

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1. The Natural Environment .

   • Explain the concept of natural environment .

   • Describe biotic and abiotic components of the environment .

   • Identify various organism in their natural environment in the community .

   • Explain the importance of the natural environment .

2. Interactive of Organisms in the Environment .

   • Identify ways in which living organisms interact with the non living component of the environment .

   • Explain the interaction of organisms among themselves .

3. Food Chain and Food Web .

   • Explain the meaning of food chain and food web .

   • Mention the components of a food chain and food web .

   • Distinguish food chain from food web .

   • Construct a diagrammatic representation of a food chain and food web .

   • Explain the significance of food chain and food web in real life situation .

 

TOPIC 4: Transportation of Materials in Living Things

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1. The Concept of Transportation of Materials in Living Things .

   • Explain the concept of transportation of materials in living things .

   • Outline the importance of materials in living things .

2. Diffusion, Osmosis and Mass- flow .

   • Explain the meaning of osmosis, diffusion and mass- flow .

   • Carryout experiments to demonstrate the process of diffusion, osmosis and mass flow .

   • Outline the differences between diffusion, osmosis and mass flow .

   • Explain the roles of diffusion, osmosis and mass flow in movement of materials in living organisms .

3. Transport of Materials in Mammals, the Structure of the Mammalian Heart .

   • Describe the external and internal structures of the mammalian heart .

   • Explain the functions of the external and internal parts of the mammalian heart .

   • Explain the adaptations of the parts of the mammalian heart to their functions .

   • Describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries .

   • Carry out simple experiments to determine pulse rates in human being .

4. The Blood .

   • List the major components of the blood .

   • Explain the function of major blood components .

   • Explain the effects of HIV on white blood cells .

5. Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion .

   • Explain the concepts of blood group and blood transfusion .

   • Outline the relationship between blood groups and blood transfusion .

   • Explain the advantages and disadvantages for blood transfusion .

   • Outline precautions to be taken during blood transfusion .

6. Blood Circulation .

   • Describe blood circulation in humans .

   • Explain the importance of blood circulation in humans .

   • Mention disorders and diseases of the human blood circulatory system .

   • Outline the causes, symptoms and effects and control/measures of the disorders and diseases of the human blood circulatory system .

   • Carry out practical exercises to measure human pulse rate and blood pressure .

7. The Lymphatics System .

   • Explain the concept of lymphatics .

   • Describe the components of the human lymphatic system .

   • Mention the common disorders and diseases of the lymphatic system .

   • Explain causes, symptoms, effects and prevention of disorders and diseases of the human lymphatic system .

8. Transport of Material in Plants in Plants, the Vascular System .

   • Explain the concept of vascular system .

   • Describe components of vascular system .

   • Explain the function of vascular system in plants .

9. Absorption and Movement of Water and Mineral Salts in Plants .

   • Explain the functions of root hairs in absorption and movement of water and mineral salts in plants .

   • Outline the movement of water and dissolved mineral salts in plants .

   • Conduct experiments to demonstrate transpiration pull, root pressure and capillarity .

   • Explain the concept of transpiration .

   • Outline the significance of transpiration in plants .

   • Outline factors affecting the rate of transpiration in plants .

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TOPIC 5: Gaseous Exchange and Respiration

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1. The Concept of Gaseous Exchange .

   • Identify organs responsible for gaseous exchange in living organisms .

   • Explain the concept of gaseous exchange .

2. Gaseous Exchange in Mammals .

   • Identify parts of the respiratory system .

   • Describe the features of different parts of the respiratory system and their adaptive features .

   • Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in mammals .

   • Describe gaseous exchange across the alveolus .

   • Outline factors affecting gaseous exchange in mammals .

3. Gaseous Exchange in Plants .

   • Identify parts of plant responsible for gaseous exchange .

   • Describe the process of gseous exchange in plants .

   • Explain the importance of gaseous exchange in plants .

4. Respiration .

   • Explain the concept of respiration .

   • Mention types of respiration .

5. Aerobic Respiration .

   • Explain the concept of aerobic respiration .

   • Outline the mechanism of aerobic respiration .

   • Carry out experiments on aerobic respiration .

   • Describe factors which affect the rate of respiration .

6. An Aerobic Respiration .

   • Explain the concept of anaerobic respiration .

   • Outline the mechanism of anaerobic respiration .

   • Mention the end products of anaerobic respiration .

   • Carry out an experiment to demonstrate the application of anaerobic respiration .

   • Distinguish between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration .

7. Infection and Diseases of the Respiratory System .

   • Mention common airborne infections and diseases which affect the respiratory system .

   • Explain the causes, symptoms, effects and control measures of common infections and diseases of the respiratory system .

8. Disorders of the Respiratory System .

   • Mention disorders of the respiratory system .

   • Explain causes, symptoms and effects of the disorders of the respiratory system .

   • Relate disorders of the respiratory system and HIV/AIDS .

   • Suggest ways of preventing and controlling disorders of the respiratory system .

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